Africa has launched its first continental space agency to enhance Earth observation and data sharing at a time when a more challenging global environment is restricting access to climate and weather information.
The African Space Agency was inaugurated last month under the African Union’s umbrella and is based in Cairo. Currently in the process of establishment and recruiting key personnel, the agency will oversee coordination of existing national space programs. Its goal is to strengthen the continent’s space infrastructure by deploying satellites, installing weather stations, and ensuring data sharing across Africa and beyond.
“Space activities across the continent have been very fragmented,” explained Meshack Kinyua, a space engineer and experienced African space policy expert who now leads capacity-building at the agency. “The African Space Agency introduces a coordination framework and economies of scale — it places all African Union members on an equal footing regarding access to gathered data based on their needs.”
Africa is the poorest continent globally, and its people are among the most vulnerable to extreme weather events worsened by climate change, despite contributing far less to global warming than those in developed nations. The absence of high-resolution weather and climate data hinders governments from warning citizens about approaching extreme weather, and scientists cannot accurately forecast long-term trends because their models lack detailed data.
The African Space Agency represents a move toward changing this, Kinyua said. The agency also seeks to expand some successful projects across the continent, such as early warning systems for fishermen in West Africa and the Congo River Basin, he added.
Though long planned, the agency’s launch comes shortly after the Trump administration dismantled the US Agency for International Development (USAID), which had been a major funder of various programs in Africa. When 80% of USAID’s projects were canceled, initiatives like SERVIR—a joint effort by USAID, NASA, and space organizations in developing countries to address climate change, food security, and natural disasters—were among those affected.
“We need to ensure that African satellites can improve measurements and fill data gaps,” Kinyua stated. “These gaps will always exist, so we must fill some ourselves and collaborate with other agencies.”
The African agency has already partnered with the European Space Agency to train experts and exchange knowledge, including in data processing and satellite construction. In Europe, national space agencies share the costs of launching new Earth observation satellites, which can reach up to €800 million ($897 million), said Benjamin Koetz, head of the long-term action section at the European Space Agency. Countries also share the data gathered by these satellites.
“Not every country needs to invest in and build the same satellite,” Koetz explained.
Cairo launched Africa’s first satellite in 1998, and since then, over 20 African nations have established their own space agencies. Eighteen of these countries have launched a combined total of 63 satellites. The African Union plans to fund the African Space Agency on a project-by-project basis.
“Securing financial resources is a challenge because there is so much to accomplish, and our resources are limited,” Kinyua explained. “However, we must take small steps before we can start running.”
Africa’s early space leaders — including Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa — took a considerable amount of time to establish their agencies and become operational because they had to begin from the ground up, noted Danielle Wood, an associate professor and director of the Space Enabled Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
“It shouldn’t take that long anymore since many African countries now have space experience, and ideally, new countries can learn from existing examples and collaborate to move faster,” she added. “While other players like the US and Europe will pursue their own interests, the African Space Agency will remain focused on Africa, so it should support every country on the continent.”
